NAZARETH // The increasingly harsh political climate in Israel under Prime
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s right-wing government has prompted the leadership
of the country’s 1.3 million Arab citizens to call the first general strike in
several years.
The one-day stoppage is due to take place on October 1, a date heavy with
symbolism because it marks the anniversary of another general strike, in 2000 at
the start of the second intifada when 13 Arab demonstrators were shot dead by
Israeli police.
The Arab leadership said it was responding to a string of what it called
“racist” government measures that cast the Arab minority, a fifth of the
population, as enemies of the state.
“In recent months, there has been a parallel situation of racist policies in the
parliament and greater condoning of violence towards Arab citizens by the
police and courts,” said Jafar Farah, the head of the Arab political lobbying
group Mossawa. “This attitude is feeding down to the streets.”
Confrontations between the country’s Arab minority and Mr Netanyahu’s coalition,
formed in the spring, surfaced almost immediately over a set of controversial
legal measures.
The proposed bills outlawed the commemoration of the “nakba”, or catastrophe,
the word used by Palestinians for their dispossession in 1948; required citizens
to swear loyalty to Israel as a Zionist state; and banned political demands for
ending Israel’s status as a Jewish state. Following widespread outcries, the
bills were either watered down or dropped.
But simmering tensions came to a boil again late last month when the education
minister, Gideon Saar, presented educational reforms to mark the start of the
new school year.
He confirmed plans to drop the word “nakba” from Arabic textbooks and announced
his intention to launch classes on Jewish heritage and Zionism. He also said he
would tie future budgets for schools to their success in persuading pupils to
perform military or national service.
Arab citizens are generally exempted from military service, although officials
have recently been trying to push civilian national service in its place.
Mohammed Barakeh, an Arab member of the parliament, denounced the linking of
budgets to national service, saying that Mr Saar “must understand that he is the
education minister, not the defence minister”.
The separate Arab education system is in need of thousands of more classrooms
and is massively underfunded – up to nine times more is spent on a Jewish pupil
than an Arab one, according to surveys. Research published by the Hebrew
University in Jerusalem last month showed that Jewish schools received five
times more than Arab schools for special education classes.
Mr Netanyau, who accompanied Mr Saar on a tour of schools last week, appeared to
give his approval to the proposed reforms: “We advocate education that stresses
values, Zionism and a love of the land.”
Mr Barakeh also accused government ministers of competing to promote measures
hostile to the Arab minority. “Anyone seeking fame finds it in racist whims
against Arabs – the ministers of infrastructure, education, transportation,
whoever.”
Mr Barakeh was referring to a raft of recent proposals.
Avigdor Lieberman, the foreign minister and leader of the
far-right Yisrael Beiteinu party, announced last month that training for the
diplomatic service would be open only to candidates who had completed national
service.
Of the foreign ministry’s 980 employees only 15 are Arab, a pattern reflected
across the civil service sector according to Sikkuy, a rights and coexistence
organisation.
The housing minister, Ariel Atias, has demanded communal segregation between
Jewish and Arab citizens and instituted a drive to make the Galilee, where most
Arab citizens live, “more Jewish”.
The interior minister, Eli Yishai, has approved a wave of house demolitions,
most controversially in the Arab town of Umm al Fahm in Wadi Ara, where a
commercial district has been twice bulldozed.
The transport minister, Israel Katz, has insisted that road signs include
placenames only as they are spelt in Hebrew, thereby erasing the Arabic names of
communities such as Jerusalem, Jaffa and Nazareth.
Arab legislators have come under repeated verbal attack from members of the
government. Last month, the infrastructures minister, Uzi Landau, refused to
meet Taleb al Sana, the head of the United Arab List party, on parliamentary
business, justifying the decision on the grounds that Arab MPs were “working
constantly here and abroad to delegitimise Israel as a Jewish state”.
Shortly afterwards, Mr al Sana and his colleague Ahmed Tibi, the deputy speaker
of parliament, attended Fatah’s congress in Bethlehem, prompting Mr Lieberman to
declare: “Our central problem is not the Palestinians, but Ahmed Tibi and his
ilk – they are more dangerous than Hamas and [Islamic] Jihad combined.”
Mr Tibi responded: “When Lieberman, the foreign minister, says that, ordinary
Israelis understand that he is calling for me to be killed as a terrorist. It is
the most dangerous incitement.”
Israel’s annual Democracy Index poll, published last month, showed that 53 per
cent of Israeli Jews supported moves to encourage Arab citizens to leave.
Mr Farah said the strike date had been selected to coincide with the anniversary
of the deaths of 13 Arab citizens in October 2000 to highlight both the failure
to prosecute any of the policemen involved and the continuing official condoning
of violence against Arab citizens by police and Jewish citizens.
Some 27 Arab citizens have been killed by the police in unexplained
circumstances since the October deaths, Mr Farah said, with only one conviction.
Last week, Shahar Mizrahi, an undercover officer, was given a 15-month sentence
for shooting Mahmoud Ghanaim in the head from point-blank range. The judge
called Mizrahi’s actions “reckless”.
This week, in another controversial case, Shai Dromi, a Negev rancher, received
six months community service after shooting dead a Bedouin intruder, Khaled al
Atrash, as he fled.
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